PECULIARITIES OF THE GINGIVOGLYPHICS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGY TREATED IN THE CLINIC OF LVIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract

Characteristic signs of pathological gingival contour often develop in patients with periodontal pathology. We examined 219 patients (18–45 years old) with different types of periodontal pathology. In 174 patients (26.6% of examined persons) Chronic Generalized Periodontitis of I–II stages of heaviness was diagnosed. Changes in the physiological contour of the gums (that is macrorelief of marginal periodontium) were found in 102 of examined patients. According to achieved data in patients with periodontosis flat type of gingival relief prevailed in I stage as well as in II stage of disease, two-three times rarely strenuously arcade type of gingival contour was observed. In patients with I stage of periodontitis all three types of pathological gingival contour (gingivoglyphics) were observed with the same frequency: flat, balloon-like, and combined, while in II stage of generalized periodontitis combined and strenuously arcade type of gingival contour dominated. Because of the development of pathological gingival contour and recession of the gums, 72.5% of examined patients suffered from root denudation and different pathological conditions of roots cement structure – pigmentation, demineralization, wedge-shaped defects, caries. Periodontal dystrophy was observed in number of signs: recession of the gums (lowering of the level of marginal gingival), atrophy of interdental papilla with formation of pathological spaces between adjacent teeth, thinning, flattering paleness of the gums. Patients complained on gums tightening, itching, increase sensibility to thermal, mechanical and chemical irritants. Because of large interdental spaces, lot of plaque and calculus accumulated on teeth surfaces. We observed Stilman’s clefts from 1–2 to 5–6 mm long. According to our clinical investigations it was found out that in majority of patients (83%) both inflammatory and dystophic changes were present, only 17 % of patients had purely atrophic process in the periodontium without inflammation. In patients with Generalized Periodontitis and periodontosis, in whom dystrophic changes were accompanied by inflammation, clinical appearance was more expressed with redness, bleeding and suppuration from the pockets, thus hiding dystrophic signs. We revealed following changes in gingivoglyphics in examined patients: flat – 6.29%, balloon-like – 4.23%, strenuously arcade type – 3.28%, combined – 8.56%. Abovementioned changes of gingival contour represent different types and stages of periodontal pathology and their analyses helps periodontal specialist in choosing proper treatment plan and prognosis.