Keywords
etiopathogenesis
diagnostics
prevention
How to Cite
Abstract
Alveolitis is the most common postoperative complication in ambulatory surgical practice. Its frequency ranges from 5–35 %. The term «alveolitis» was first proposed by national scientists A.I. Verlotsky and A.M. Pimenova. The etiology and pathogenesis of disease was described in detail by H. Birn in 1973. Among the many local and general factors that contribute to the development of socket inflammation, the leading role belongs to trauma and the duration of surgery, as well as the presence of periapical infection, which determines the risk of postoperative complications. As is known, alveolitis can occur in two clinical forms: acute (60 %) and chronic (40 %), which is important in the treatment plan selection and preparation.
The aim: to analyse alveolitis causes retrospectively.
Materials and methods. The analysis of ambulatory cards of 69 dental patients aged 25–42 years who applied to the Department of Dentistry of USC KhNMU was performed. Alveolitis was diagnosed in 10 patients. It was considered age, gender, indications for tooth extraction, the presence of concomitant diseases, harmful habits, and the level of oral hygiene, place of residence and the nature of professional activity.
In the work we used clinical and morphological classification of alveolitis proposed by N.G. Korotkikh, M.B. Shalaeva, O.U. Shalaev (1999).
Results. As a result of researches it was found out that the main cause of alveolitis development was prolonged traumatic removal of impacted teeth, removal of roots or teeth for acute and aggravation of chronic apical periodontitis or the complicated periodontal disease.
Women aged 27–39 years were predominated (60 %) in the general structure of patients. And more often alveolitis developed after removal of teeth of the lower jaw (60 %), in particular 3-d molars (30 %).
Acute alveolitis developed in 6 patients (60 %) on the 2nd-4th day, chronic was in 4 patients (40 %) on the 3d–4th week.
Poor oral hygiene was the cause of alveolitis in 60 % of cases, but when hygiene standards were met it happened in 20 % (3 times less). This indicates the importance of the implementation of doctor’s recommendations for oral and the socket of the removed tooth care. Besides this, the presence of concomitant somatic diseases increases the risk of alveolitis (M.P. Mitchenok, 2015).
The role of harmful habits shoud be mentioned. So,the researches have shown that smoking on the eve of surgery increases the risk of alveolitis by 2 times, and smoking on the day of surgery causes this complication by 4 times, due to microvascular thrombosis of the alveolus bone wall under the action of nicotine.
We also revealed a significant dependence of the development of inflammatory complications depending on the profession and residence place of the patient. Thus, alveolitis was more common among rural residents and mainly physical labor workers (builder, loader, locksmith), whose professional activity is associated with overcooling, excessive load, harmful chemicals (9 patients).
Conclusion. Thus, the cause and frequency of alveolitis depends on gender, age, profession, diagnosis, technical features of the operation, oral hygiene status, harmful habits, somatic pathology. All these factors determine the degree of favorability of the surgical intervention. They influence on the speed of socket healing and the risk of complications.
Keywords: alveolitis, etiopathogenesis, diagnostics, prevention.
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